THE SYNERGY OF MIXED REALITY (MR) IN REVOLUTIONIZING THE FUTURE COMBAT VISUALIZATION WITH GEOVISIONARY (GEO-VIS)

Norshahriah Abdul Wahab, Amalina Farhi Ahmad Fazdlah, Nurhafizah Moziyana Mohd Yusop, Mohd Lazim Talib, Suresh A/L Thanakodi, Nurul Aini Kasran, Nurul Syuhada Narjun

Abstract

Military or combat scenario require an efficient and effective interaction and communication in order for decision makers’ to actively participate in conducting an operation or Course of Actions (COAs). Based on this fact, the leveraging of a powerful data engine with a virtual geological will enables decision makers to visualize, analyse and interact with large of geoscientific datasets. This research proposed the implementation of Mixed Reality Technology (MR) which include the technology of Holograms and Virtual Reality specifically on 3 Dimensional (3D) geospatial terrain as the tool and platform to conduct the strategies of military decision making in an operation. Symbiosis of military decision making nature with immersive 3D, real time environment may reduce the risk of death and serious injury during military operations. Hereby, this research will integrate the appropriate elements and features of combat visualization which consists of virtual elements; mixed reality space and interaction; reaction and interaction within 3D mixed reality object. At the end of this research there will be a porotype and verified framework to support the military decision making. The elements of combat visualization will be exploring to give positive impact on highlighting the important details during Course of Actions (COAs). The prototype (GEO-VIS) will give impactful to military community in order for them to make the most appropriate solution. GEO-VIS visually integrates terabytes of elevation and photography data covering a huge geographical area in real-time. It allows geospatial data such as geological models, environmental and GIS data to be visualized and interpreted creating an intuitive communication in virtual a reality. 

ENABLERS FOR BUILDING DESIGN OUTCOME WITH HIGH MAINTAINABILITY CONSIDERATION FROM DESIGN ENGINEERS PERSPECTIVES

Neza Ismail, Ng Choy Peng, Wan Mohamed Syafuan Wan Mohamed Sabri, Rashidah Bahar 

Abstract

A building designed with good maintainability considerations, not only functions as intended, but is also adaptable to current and future use. The purposes of incorporating good maintainability considerations into the design of a building are to achieve high building performance, ease day-to-day housekeeping tasks, make the building adaptable for future needs and maintain a stable usage cost throughout the building’s design life. This study identifies enablers that enhance building maintainability considerations in building design by applying structural equation modelling with the partial least square estimation (PLS-SEM) technique. The data collection methods in this research include an expert panel interview using prepared semi-structured interview questions and a questionnaire survey to identify the influencing factors to improve the maintenance-related needs of the building. This study identifies five significant enablers that could improve building design outcome by enhancing building maintainability considerations in Malaysia. The most significant enablers are developing efficient design tools that utilize information and analysis focusing on the user’s usage behavior.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM FROM SOLAR PANEL

Suzaimah Ramli, Khairani Abd Majid, Noor Afiza Mat Razali, Muslihah Wook, Norulzahrah Mohd Zainudin, Farith Aminuallah Anwar Zulkifli, Slamet Riyadi

Abstract

Renewable energy development as an alternative source of power supply has now been discovered and widely used. In fact, most users have begun to install one of the renewable energy known as solar photovoltaic (PV). Solar PV is installed in residential and industrial sectors as the government are considering every possible solution to increase the effectiveness of renewable energy. Solar PV has the feature that the energy stored from the solar energy into the battery will decrease at any time. Therefore, a monitoring system needs to be developed to measure power consumption based on the type of power supply currently being used, whether it be a primary power supply or a solar power supply. In this project, a system to monitor the percentage of energy supplied by solar PV as well as to inform the state of the solar panel via Interface. Information and data collected is obtained by monitoring the current and voltage through sensors installed and stored on a personal computer as well as using the Matlab application. Matlab is used to display data through graphical user interface (GUI) development. User friendly software in terms of organizing and controlling the system is created through the Interface. At the end of this project, this monitoring system will be used and applied mainly in residential and industrial sectors to enable measurement of solar energy performance.

DETECTION OF VIBRATION FREQUENCY BASED ON NO CORE FIBER

Tee Kai Wen, Chew Sue Ping, Faiqahnor Abdul Latib, Latifah Sarah Supian 

Abstract

Vibration detection is an important feature in machinery health monitoring, in which used to detect faults and damages in heavy machines. This work demonstrated a fiber vibration sensor based on SingleMode-No Core-SingleMode (SNCS) fiber structure for low frequency vibration detection. When light coupled from Single-Mode-Fiber (SMF) to No-Core-Fiber (NCF), high-order Eigennodes will be excited and caused interference between different modes occurred along NCF. Different vibration frequencies change the interference pattern inside the NCF as NCF acts as multimode waveguide. Two sets of SNCS sensor with different length of 1.65cm and 2.85cm obtained an average Electric Field Norm (EFN) losses of 5.242% and 9.233% respectively. The SNCS sensor was proven to be capable in detecting vibration frequencies ranging 100Hz to 3000Hz with vibration intensity of 3V and 5V. The maximum relative error of the vibration frequency is 7.32143 × 〖10〗^(-9)%. The SNCS structure has the advantage of easy to fabricate, low cost and immune to electromagnetic interference, which can be used in critical environment. 

DEEP LOCALISED CONTACT HAND BURNS IN CHILDREN: TWO CASES REPORT

Rahoma Ahmed Hussein, Shabbar Hussein 

Abstract

The incidence of hand burns in children is high. In the overall cases of body burns, hand and wrist burns account for about 39%. They may constitute a part of a larger burn of the body, or an isolated injury of the hand and wrist. The choice between early and late eschar excision with skin covering is still a matter of debate. Two cases of deep burns of the hand were presented in this report. The report shows how to close the residual wounds of deep burns. One patient was a Malay child who sustained a deep contact burn in both hands. The other patient was a premature newly born Malay baby one-month-old, with Down’s syndrome. He suffered from a gangrenous patch (eschar) over the dorsum of the left hand after extravasation of drugs (chemical burn or necrotizing fasciitis). The two patients were treated by covering with local skin flaps after eschar excision and debridement. The result was good as patients did not develop any contracture as usual in similar cases.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON POLYTHIOPHENE AND ITS APPLICATION AS CHEMICAL SENSOR

N. Mohd Nurazzi, M. M. Harussani, S. Z. N. Demon, N. A. Halim, I. S. Mohamad, H. Bahruji, N. Abdullah

Abstract

The π-conjugated polymers and their derivatives have attracted significant attention in recent decades for research and development as chemical sensor. This is because of their wide range of potential applications especially as an active layer in various electronic devices. The organic structure of these polymers had confer the electronic and material properties and facilitate their processibility. This includes several promising of conjugated polymers such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrole, polythiophene (PTh) and etc.  Above all, the conjugated polythiophene and its derivatives stand out as one of the promising members of the conjugated polymer family. Due to their unique in electrical characteristics, excellent environmental and thermal stability, low-cost synthesis, and mechanical strength, various procedures have been invoked in order to increase the usability of polythiophene. This includes side chain functionalization of the different derivatives and copolymers, functionalised with carbonaceous materials, and combination of both of these strategies. In this review, focus is on the present conductive polymers, the characteristics and the synthesization of polythiophene and its derivatives, and their applications in chemical sensor are highlighted at the last part. 

MANAGEMENT OF NECROTIZING PERIODONTITIS IN THE SETTING OF STRESS: A CASE STUDY

Tengku Natasha Eleena Tengku Ahmad Noor, Wan Nur Alwani Wan Abdul Aziz 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This case study is reported a 36 years old male military personnel came to Kuching Armed Forces Dental Clinic in feverish state complaining upon difficulty in eating due to pain and multiple ulcers on his gum for the past one week. After a thorough physical and history examination, a diagnosis of Necrotizing Periodontal Disease (NPD) is made. METHODS: To confirm the cause of NPD, the patient has been referred to a medical counterpart for full blood count (FBC) and viral test. The choice of initial treatment is to do a basic full mouth scaling together with local anesthesia. Patient was given oral hygiene instructions along with a prescription of systemic antibiotics and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Stress management course and leaflets has been part of the treatment. Review is done in 10 days. RESULTS: The Patient came back with no sign and symptom of NPD. 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SAVONIUS WIND TURBINE BLADE FOR LOW WIND SPEED REGION

Norzaima Nordin, Muhamad Nur Alif Nadzri, Baizura Bohari, Mohd Rashdan Saad, Maidiana Othman

Abstract

In this study, a small-scale wind turbine blade for the application in a low wind speed region was experimentally investigated. Savonius wind turbine design was selected and evaluated based on the feasibility of low wind speed at the National Defense University of Malaysia (UPNM). Six different Savonius Wind Turbine Blade (SWTB) designs were selected to investigate the effect of the number of blades, diameters, and types of materials. A wind tunnel experiment was carried out to investigate the performance of the wind turbine blades with different parameters. The experimental results were analyzed based on power coefficient (Cp), wind speed (V), tip speed ratio (TSR), torque coefficient (Ct) and electric power output (Pe). It was found that the number of blades and diameter were the most significant factor in designing SWTB. For this particular study, the least number of blades with the bigger diameter were more significant to increase the Cp values. The material factor was least significant to the design as this experiment verified that all the models produced the highest peak of Cp corresponding to the wind speeds. The effectiveness of this experiment was concurred by the highest power output produced. 

e-ISSN: 2773-5281

APPLICATION OF FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (FAHP) FOR TEACHING QUALITY EVALUATION AT DEFENCE FOUNDATION CENTRE

Fatin Amirah Ahmad Shukri, Fazilatulaili Ali, Asniah Alias, Nor Ain Azeany Mohd Nasir

Abstract

Academic staff is one of the backbones of any educational institution and is responsible for the quality of students produced. Assessment of quality teaching has always been an endless debate within institutions. Research towards better teaching assessment on various criteria has been proposed. In past studies, teaching performance of academic staff was mostly evaluated based on only single numerical value, i.e. rating. Various studies have suggested different criteria on how to assess teaching performance. Due to the subjective nature of the students’ evaluation, the single rating, i.e. 1 to 5 score (very low to very high, respectively) achieved by academic staff are very general and lack accuracy. This research paper will venture into the teaching evaluation using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) from the perspective of subject experts. The study will incorporate three main criteria for evaluating teaching quality, i.e. staff personal traits, knowledge transfer, and knowledge evaluation. It is found that speech culture (0.149) is deemed as the priority among other teaching quality criteria assessed. 

INVESTIGATION ON PURITY AND THERMAL STABILITY OF Ag2O RAW MATERIAL USED TO SYNTHESIS Ag2Nb4O11 CERAMICS USING THERMAL AND PHASE ANALYSIS METHOD

Fadhlina Che Ros, Shahrul Izwan Ahmad, Fadhlul Wafi Badrudin, Siti Hasnawati Jamal, Norli Abdullah, Norhana Abdul Halim

Abstract

This paper reports on the newly found ferroelectric material, Ag2Nb4O11 ceramics synthesised using solid state reaction and characterised its properties using X-ray powder diffraction, ferroelectric test and impedance spectroscopy. However, the synthesis of phase-pure Ag2Nb4O11 ceramics was unsuccessful due the presence of other phases such as AgNbO3, Ag metal and un-reacted Nb2O5 raw material. The inhomogeneity of the sample was clearly seen in impedance measurement which showed electrical inhomogeneity of bulk and grain boundary capacitances. Difficulties in obtaining phase-pure Ag2Nb4O11 ceramics has motivated an investigation on the purity and thermal stability of Ag2O raw material. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that Ag2Nb4O11 consist of Ag2Nb4O11, AgNbO3, Ag metal and un-reacted raw material. Studies on Ag2O raw material was carried out by heating and weighing it after each different temperature. Weight loss observed at temperatures 120oC, 270oC and 400oC correspond to the loss of water and the decomposition of Ag2O to Ag metal. In this study, the Ag2O used was mostly contained Ag metal than the Ag2O. The instability nature of Ag2O at high temperature may contribute to the difficulties in obtaining phase pure Ag2Nb4O11 product.

FAULTS DETECTION VIA MOBILE SAFETY INSPECTION SYSTEM

Chew Sue Ping, Anis Shahida Niza Mokhtar, Chai Zhi Ren, Wan Ariff Fadhil Wan Abdullah, Shee Hui Chien, Tee Kai Wen, Muhd Asran Turan 

Abstract

Fire accidents due to damaged wiring cables have claimed many buildings and lives. Refrigerant leakage might cause fire and it is poisonous if inhaled in large amount. Regular inspection and maintenance works are compulsory to have early detection to prevent such tragedies. However, the inspection works are tedious and incurring ineffective costs. In this paper, we present a robot CABtec with artificial intelligence capability to conduct close range inspection and detection missions in wiring systems of buildings. This robot will continuously navigate the entire area for damaged cables and gas leakages. If any fault is detected, CABtec is able to conduct thorough inspection suing multi-sensing feature. Users can then utilise the front robot arm to have a closer inspection on the suspected faults. Should any damages to be found, technicians will have to carry out maintenance job using the GPS location sent by the robot as a guide.  

CLASSIFYING FAKE PROFILE IN FACEBOOK ACCOUNT USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Ahmad Nazren Hakimi Ahmad Nasir, Suzaimah Ramli, Muslihah Wook, Nor Afiza Mat Razali, Norulzahrah Mohd Zainuddin 

Abstract

The ability to connect people around the world and share videos, photos and communications has made online social media (OSM) popular. Despite much of literature available in this field, there is still lack of study focusing on the creation of fake profile in the OSM. In fact, there has been relatively little effort aimed at solving fake profile features using classification algorithm. For these reasons, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was employed to classify the novel features that had been created in the fake profile particularly among Facebook users’ account. The study begins with the data collection process, data pre-processing, evaluation, testing and lastly obtaining the result. The findings have revealed that the SVM classifier able to predict the fake profile with high Classifying Accuracy (CA) and Area Under Curve (AUC). Ultimately, this finding will provide a new endeavour for countermeasure and protection of OSM users.

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HOSPITAL ANGKATAN TENTERA TUANKU MIZAN (HATTM), MALAYSIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed Shakrin, Nor Syaza Syahirah Amat Junaidi, Mohammad Fahmi Daman Huri, Frhana Rahmat, Nur Adnin Ahmad, Ahmad Zakuan Kamarudin, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen causing a variety of diseases ranging from superficial skin and soft-tissue infections to life-threatening infections. Nowadays, the treatment has become complicated due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). It is an established pathogen that causes hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide. This study was a preliminary retrospective study involving S. aureus clinical isolates from Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan (HATTM) for a period of 6 months (October 2018 until March 2019). Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the S. aureus antibiotic susceptibility profiles and its association with types of infection, gender, wards, age of patients and types of specimens.  Methods: Standard bacteriological method was used for S. aureus isolation from various clinical specimens including blood, urine, pus and wound, eye, throat, nasal, pericardial fluid, tracheal aspirate, high vagina swab (HVS), bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and tissue. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was utilized for antibiotic susceptibility profiles determination. Results: Ninety-five S. aureus strains were isolated from 3571 specimens. Twenty-six of the isolates (27%) was identified as MRSA and 69 (73%) was identified as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Among the MRSA, 4 isolates were hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and the rest were community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). There was a statistically significant association between isolation of MRSA with age of patient as well as types of infection or origin of the MRSA (p<0.05).  Only 42 (44.2%) of the S. aureus isolates were fully susceptible to all antibiotics. Almost half isolates (n=46, 48.4%) were resistant to at least two antibiotics and seven (7.4%) isolates were resistant to one type of antibiotic only. Conclusions: None of the isolate showed reduced susceptibility nor resistant to vancomycin. Future study with a larger sample size using a wider study period needs to be done to confirm that vancomycin-resistant S. aureus has not yet been established in HATTM. 

FOREIGN BODY ON RIGHT LATERAL BORDER OF TONGUE THAT MIMICKS VARIX: A CASE REPORT

Tengku Natasha Eleena Tengku Ahmad Noor, Amaradran Dass, Liana Ma Abdullah 

Abstract

BACKGROUND Foreign body impaction in the oral cavity either due to traumatic injury or iatrogenically is not uncommon. Most commonly encountered iatrogenic foreign bodies is restorative materials such as amalgam, obturation materials, broken instruments and needles. Majority of foreign bodies are impacted in tonsils, base of tongue, maxillary sinus and vallecula. However, foreign bodies impaction in the mobile tongue is rare. We present a case of unusual foreign body impaction on the right lateral border of tongue appeared as bluish mass. A 40-year-old female military personnel came to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of 94 Armed Forces Hospital Terendak Camp complaining of bluish, painless mass on the right side of her tongue for 4 years. Excisional biopsy has been done and histopathological examination reveals foreign body impaction, likely amalgam tattoo. Amalgam tattoo can sometimes be confused with other foreign body pigmentations, being then biopsied. Once amalgam tattoos have been established, the removal of lesions is not necessary, except for esthetic reasons. 

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BULKHEAD PATCH REPAIR DUE TO HEAT DAMAGE

Hasif Yahaya, Gunasilan Manar 

Abstract

The integrity of the aircraft structure after a permanent repair requires thorough engineering analysis. In this study, the aircraft’s defective Bulkhead was damaged due to heat exposure and repaired with a patching technique known as a bulkhead patch repair. The study aimed to analyse the repair carried out using numerical calculation and finite element analysis. The first result of the numerical calculation shows that the repair part (stainless steel) will restore the original part (AA7050) strength capability. The second result from the LS-Dyna analysis shows that heat damage had caused the material (AA7050) strength to deteriorate significantly. The final loads testing using LS-Dyna analysis on components shows the patch repair scheme conducted was capable of strengthening the damaged part by transferring the applied loads to repair part. The outcome of this study justified that for better maintenance action (structural integrity consideration), the damaged Y453 Bulkhead needed to be replaced instead of conducting permanent repair. 

MINI REVIEW ON NANOFIBRILLATION TECHNIQUES TO OBTAIN CELLULOSE NANOFIBER FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim, Victor Feizal Knight, Nurjahirah Janudin, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Norhana Abdul Halim, Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah, Keat Khim Ong, Siti Aminah Mohd Noor, Siti Hasnawati Jamal, Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus

Abstract

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has been recognized as a new family of sustainable nanomaterials with significant mechanical, colloidal, low density, renewable and biodegradable properties. These properties make CNF a promising material either as an additive or primary material for the development of various applications such as for packaging, coatings, adsorbent, papermaking, biomedicine, cosmetic and automotive industries. Prior to CNF production, cellulose has to be isolated from various sources of lignocellulosic biomass such as oil palm, bamboo, flax bast, hemp, kraft pulp, and rutabagas. The isolated cellulose then can be nanofibrillated into CNF using several nanofibrillation treatments. However, the nanofibrillation treatment is one of the major factors that can influence the final characteristics of CNF. The selection of nanofibrillation treatment is important as each treatment produces CNF with different properties especially in terms of diameter sizes, lengths, thermal, crystalline and mechanical properties. The CNF properties have to comply with the requirement of the targeted application, as different applications require different specifications of CNF. Other external factors may also influence the properties of CNF. Hence, this review focused on discussing the current CNF production treatment as well as factors that may influence the nanofibrillation process of CNF production. 

e-ISSN: 2773-5281

SOLAR LOCATION ESTIMATION USING LOGSIG BASED ACTIVATION FUNCTION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH

Fakroul Ridzuan Hashim, Prakash Nagappan, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, Nur Fazriana Joini@Jaini, Nazrul Fariq Makmor, Mohd Sharil Saleh, Nurzaitul Zolkiply

Abstract

Solar panel is one of the renewable energy that can reduce the environmental pollution and have a wide potential of application. The exact solar prediction module will give a big impact on the management of solar power plants and the design of solar energy systems. This paper attempts to find the best Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based logsig transfer function and various training algorithm that can be used to calculate the temperature module (Tm) in Malaysia. This can be done by simulating the collected data of four weather variables which are the ambient temperature (Ta), local wind speed (Vw), solar radiation flux (Gt) and the relative humidity (Rh) into the Neural Network Tool in MATLAB. Three different ANN transfer function and 14 types of training were compared to choose the best method. Finally, an equation for the ANN model will be generated in order to calculate the temperature module based on ambient temperature, local wind speed, solar radiation and relative humidity variables.

HUMAN DETECTION FOR THERMAL AND VISIBLE IMAGES

Mazlinda Ibrahim, Hoo Yann Seong, Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon, Suzaimah Ramli, Syed Nasir Alsagoff Syed Zakaria 

Abstract

Human detection and localization is one of the importance aspects in computer vision. It has broad applications in surveillance, robotic, driver assistance system, and for the military applications. The task is difficult because it depends on various conditions such as illumination, distance, human pose and weather condition. This study aimed to investigate human detection methods for thermal and visible images. We have explored three methods which are histogram of oriented gradient, integral image and aggregate of channel features. Our result showed that histogram of oriented gradient outperformed the other two using the tested images. However, the method is only applicable when the human is on the standing or upright position and limited to a certain distance between the scene and the camera position.

MODELLING SLOPE TOPOGRAPHY OF A HILLY TERRAIN USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IMAGE TECHNIQUE

Neza bin Ismail, Fatin Nur Zatasya, Wan Mohamed Syafuan, Ng Choy Peng 

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as data acquisition tools are becoming more affordable for many civil engineering applications. However, the accuracy of the output is influenced by many parameters. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of flight altitude toward the final output measurement accuracy without using Ground Control Point (GCP). Altitude is a parameter that is very important in flying UAV that has to be taken into consideration. Notably, the flight altitude depends on the ground condition, surrounding obstruction, Ground Sample Distance (GSD) and camera monitoring. The UAV should fly in a lower condition when GSD is better. However, this approach rarely can succeed because different site conditions such as flat terrain nor hilly terrain required different flight planning. Therefore, a field experiment will be carried out to investigate the optimum flight altitude to obtain acceptable accuracy of orthomap at hilly type of terrain. This study evaluates both the qualitative of the image and the quantitative aspect of the orthomap. The actual measurement of selected features was made and compared with the on screen measurement. An orthophoto will be generated by using Pix4Dmapper on a selected slope of the hilly terrain in UPNM Campus. Based on the results, different accuracy obtain on flat surface is 0.14% and slope surface is 2.77%, which needed further study to identify the method to reduce error. It is found that the accuracy without GCP is not having large error of more than 1% for flat area. Due to distortion of image on slope surface, the error is larger and needed GCP calibration. This study shows that UAV is a feasible platform for mapping of small area with acceptable accuracy.

SIFAT MEKANIKAL KOMPOSIT EPOKSI MONTMORILLONITE TERAWAT DIPERKUKUH CECAIR GETAH ASLI TEREPOKSIDA

Ku Zarina Ku Ahmad, Sahrim Ahmad, Rozaidi Rasid

Abstrak

Kajian ini telah dijalankan dengan menghasilkan dua sistem komposit iaitu komposit epoksi berpengisi montmorillonite (MMT) dengan dan tanpa cecair getah asli terepoksida (LENR) secara kaedah pencampuran in situ.   Komposit telah di pra-matang pada tiga suhu iaitu pada suhu 30 °C, 50 °C atau 70 °C. Kedua dua sistem dimatang pada suhu  130 °Catau 140 °C. Ujian hentaman Izod dan ujian keliatan patah ke atas komposit yang dihasilkan menunjukkan peningkatan maksimum sebanyak 44% dengan penambahan MMT dan 29% peningkatan dengan penambahan getah asli terepoksida. Selain kandungan MMT, suhu pra matang 70 °Cmemberikan kesan yang ketara terhadap kekuatan hentaman dan keliatan patah sistem epoksi berpengisi MMT. Suhu pra-matang 50 °Cmerupakan suhu yang optimum dan berupaya memberikan kekuatan hentaman dan keliatan patah yang baik kepada sistem epoksi berpengisi MMT getah asli terepoksida. Suhu matang bagi kedua dua sistem tidak memberikan kesan yang ketara kepada sifat mekanikal kedua dua sistem komposit ini. Pemeriksaan mikrostruktur melalui mikroskop elektron transmisi menunjukkan MMT tertabur dengan susunan interkalasi. Peningkatan kandungan MMT melebihi 1% berat menunjukkan kehadiran taktoid dan penggumpalan silikat.

Abstract

This study was conducted by producing two composite systems, namely montmorillonite-containing epoxy composites (MMT) with and without epoxidized natural rubber liquid (LENR) by in situ mixing method. The composite was pre-cure at three temperatures at 30 °C, 50 °C or 70 °C. Both systems are cured at a temperature of 130 °C or 140 °C. Izod impact test and fracture toughness test on the resulting composite showed a maximum increase of 44% with the addition of MMT and a 29% increase with the addition of epoxidized natural rubber. In addition to the MMT content, the pre-cure temperature of 70 °C has a significant effect on the impact strength and fracture toughness of the MMT-filled epoxy system. The pre-cure temperature of 50 °C is the optimum temperature and is able to provide good impact strength and fracture toughness to the epoxy system containing MMT epoxidized natural rubber. The curing temperatures of both systems do not significantly affect the mechanical properties of these two composite systems. Observation of the microstructure through the transmission electron microscope showed that MMT was dispersed in an intercalation arrangement. An increase in the content of MMT above 1% by weight indicates the presence of tactoids and silicate aggregation.

ANDROID DESIGNED MALWARE DETECTION CHALLENGES: A FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION

Afiqah Mohammad Azahari, Arniyati Ahmad, Syarifah Bahiyah Rahayu, Nur Diyana Kamarudin, Mohd Hazali Mohamed Halip

Abstract

Statistically, Android is the most targeted mobile platform when it comes to malicious application. As a result, Android malware detection has become one of the sizing topics in the domain of mobile security. As the researchers focusing on developing a new approach to detect and fight Android malware, there are always a recent report exhibiting cases of Android malware. Multiple motivations cause mobile malware writers to continuously develop an application with malware. Their intentions are to gain access to the private network and to collect sensitive data. This paper categories type of mobile malware. Furthermore, the types of mobile malware that often attacks android’s users are discussed. Then, fundamental techniques usually implement to detect mobile malware are deliberated. Basic techniques such as Static, Dynamic and Hybrid analysis are explained in the section. Finally, open issues on detecting and evaluating Android designed malware presented as a guideline for future research directions.

EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON MICROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SNPB SOLDER ALLOY

Noor Fadhilah Rahmat, Wan Yusmawati Wan Yusoff, Nor Azlian Abdul Manaf, Azman Jalar, Nur Shafiqa Safee, Azuraida Amat, Nurazlin Ahmad, Irman Abdul Rahman, Norliza Ismail, Najib Saedi Ibrahim

Abstract

Tin-lead (SNPB) alloys are widely used in microelectronic packaging industry. It serves as a connector that provide the conductive path needed to achieve the connection from one circuit element to another circuit element. In this research, the effect of gamma irradiation on the micromechanical behaviour of tin-lead (SNPB) solder alloy has been investigated using the nano-indentation testing. Gamma radiation with a Cobalt-60 source were exposed to SNPB solders with different doses from 5 Gy to 500 Gy. In this study, the nano-indentation technique was used to understand the evolution of micromechanical properties (hardness and reduced modulus) of SNPB solder joints subjected to gamma irradiation. The results showed that the hardness of the SNPB alloys was enhanced with increasing of gamma radiation. The hardness was greatest at dose of 500 Gy of sample, 25.6 MPa and had the lowest value at un-irradiated sample.  However, the reduced modulus was decreased by increasing the irradiation of gamma due to the intrinsic properties and the atomic bonding of the material.

NEW TRACEABILITY APPROACH USING SWARM INTELLIGENCE FOR MILITARY BLOCKCHAIN

Syarifah Bahiyah Rahayu Syed Mansoor, Mohd Hazali Mohamed Halip, Afiqah Mohammad Azahari, Nur Diyana Kamarudin, Hassan Mohamed

Abstract

Current military supply chain management is complex and complicated. Activities such as information, and knowledge sharing among involved parties are prone to cybercriminal. Protection of such private and confidential documents are very important. Therefore, a military supply chain derives a critical need for decentralized and digitize transactions in the ledger. This study is proposing a new traceability chain algorithm for military shipment using blockchain. The development of this traceability chain algorithm is based on algorithm development methodology. The new traceability chain algorithm is expected to trace product movement along with the blockchain network. In addition, it is also believed that this study will provide positive results for defense shipment. Future work is to broaden the scope to other military areas such as threat intelligence.

EFFECTS OF RAINFALL INTENSITIES AND AGGREGATE SIZE ON SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION AND HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS

Zuliziana Suif, Siti Zulaikha Baharom, Maidiana Othman, Nordila Ahmad, Mohd Asri Md Nor

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the effects of rainfall intensity and aggregate sizes on sediment concentration and hydraulic parameters. Flow velocity, flow width, shear stress and stream power are the hydraulic parameters. The impact of various rainfall intensities with differing aggregate sizes (D1.18 mm and D2.00 mm) was also studied. Under the rainfall simulator, the different aggregate sizes, D1.18 mm and D2.00 mm, were set up at a slope angle of 20o. The flow of runoff was collected for 2 hours at several intervals (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Then, the hydraulic parameters and concentration of the sediment were measured. As a result, the increased rate of rainfall creates a higher concentration of sediment on a steep slope from 7.988 to 3233.569 gm-3 and 2.954 to 976.736 gm-3 for aggregate sizes D1.18 mm and D2.00 mm, respectively. Generally, as the flow depth and shear stress were reduced, the estimated sediment concentration was higher. On the other hand, flow velocity and unit stream power were directly related to the sediment concentrations.

e-ISSN: 2773-5281

APPLICATION OF ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY ANTENNA FOR PARTIAL DISCHARGE DETECTION IN OIL-FILLED POWER TRANSFORMER: A REVIEW

Azharudin Mukhtaruddin, Muzamir Isa, Mohd Fadzil Ain, Mazlee Mohd Noor, Mohd Rafi Adzman, Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani

Abstract

Partial discharge (PD) is a phenomenon that may lead to dielectric breakdown and can provide important information for condition monitoring on electrical power equipment, in particular transformer. One of the methods is the detection of the electromagnetic (EM) wave signal emitted by PD. Although the frequency spectrum in EM is very wide, this paper discusses the detection of EM only at ultra-high frequency (UHF). One of the detectors that can be used to detect EM is the antenna. There are a lot of antenna designs that have been proposed to detect the signal. The designs can be generally divided into two: PCB-based design and physical antenna design. An example of the latter is monopole. Some of the proposed antennas were left at the design stage while others went to be applied in actual PD experimentation. Discussion on the capabilities of these antennas can lead to the selection of a suitable antenna.

PATH FINDING OF STATIC INDOOR MOBILE ROBOT VIA AOR ITERATIVE METHOD USING HARMONIC POTENTIALS

A'qilah Ahmad Dahalan, Azali Saudi, Jumat Sulaiman 

Abstract

Mobile robots often have to discover a path of collision-free towards a specific goal point in their environment. We are trying to resolve the mobile robot problem iteratively by means of numerical technique. It is built on a method of potential field that count on the use of Laplace’s equation in the mobile robot’s configuration space to constrain/which reduces the generation of a potential function over regions. This paper proposed an iterative approach in solving robot path finding problem known as Accelerated Over-Relaxation (AOR). The experiment shows that these suggested approach can establish a smooth path between the starting and goal points by engaging with a finite-difference technique. The simulation results also show that a more rapidly solution with smoother path than the previous work is achieved via this numerical approach. 

PEMANTAUAN TAHAP HINGAR SEMASA OPERASI PESAWAT SUKHOI DI NO. 11 SKUADRON

Mohd Rizal Hamid, Ahmad Faruq Mohamad Rosli, Kesavan Manokaran, Siti Shafiqa Shamira Hashin, Nik Mohd Dzarrin Ghifari Azmy, Baba Md Deros, Dian Darina Indah Daruis 

Abstract

Kesedaran terhadap bunyi bising di tempat kerja sememangnya semakin meningkat. Di pengkalan No. 11 Skuadron serta bangunan bersebelahan dengannya, pesawat Sukhoi merupakan punca utama bunyi bising atau hingar yang memberi kesan kepada pekerja dan orang awam. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kadar bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh pesawat Sukhoi ketika operasi penyelenggaraan. Pesawat Sukhoi mempunyai dua enjin yang merupakan punca bunyi bising di lapangan ini. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan alat pengukur bunyi mudah alih Bruel & Kjaer 2250 yang diletakkan di tengah-tengah pesawat di dalam hangar untuk mengukur bunyi pada jarak 10 meter, 50 meter, 100 meter, 500 meter, 1000 meter dan 1500 meter. Enjin pesawat tersebut beroperasi pada dua tahap, 72% RPM dan kemudiannya pada 85% RPM. Pada setiap jarak, golongan yang terdedah berbeza di mana orang awam hanya terlibat bermula dari jarak 1000 meter dan ke atas. Pekerja TUDM dan pekerja yang terlibat dengan penyelenggaraan pesawat tersebut terdedah dengan bunyi bermula dari jarak 0 meter lagi (yakni berada dibawah enjin pesawat). Data yang diperoleh dianalisa untuk menghasilkan peta hingar dan kontur hingar. Hasil daripada lakaran tersebut, tahap pendedahan hingar dapat dikenalpasti. Bunyi maksima yang telah direkodkan adalah 122 db(A) manakala yang terendah adalah 60 dB(A). Kadar bunyi yang direkodkan semakin rendah apabila jarak dari punca bunyi bertambah. Dari peta lakaran tersebut, kesan pendedahan terhadap kedua-dua pekerja dan orang awam dapat dikenalpasti. Walaupun pendedahan selama 5-10 minit sahaja setiap kali ia berlaku, tetapi ia tetap menjengkelkan (annoyance) dan untuk jangka masa panjang ia tetap dapat mengancam kesihatan mereka yang terlibat.

 Awareness of occupational noise and its effects is growing. At No. 11 squadron base, Sukhoi jet was identified as the main culprit of occupational noise that affects not just the employees of the base but also civilian people in the surrounding area. The objective of the study is to identify the noise level produced by Sukhoi two-engines jet during maintenance operations. Investigations were carried out using Bruel & Kjaer 2250 sound level meter hand-analyser. Measurements were performed directly under the Sukhoi jet body and then 10 metres, 50 metres, 100 metres, 1000 metres and 1500 metres away. The jet engines could operate at two levels, at 72% RPM and at 85% RPM. The civilians are only exposed to its noise from more than 1000 metres away. The results from this study are analysed and noise mapping and noise contouring are produced which give the level of noise exposure. The maximum noise is recorded t 122dB(A) and the minimum is at 60dB(A). The farther the noise from the jet is measured, the lower the values recorded. From the noise mapping, the effects of noise exposures on both the employees at the base and the civilian at the neighbouring surrounding could be identified. Even though the exposures are only for 5-10 minutes, it is still considered as a threat. 

A REVIEW ON TECHNIQUES AND CHALLENGES IN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF STUDENT’S COMMENTS

Siti Rohaidah Ahmad, Nurhafizah Moziyana Mohd Yusof, Siti Hajar Zainal Rashid, Abdul Ghapor Hussin 

Abstract

Assessment of instructors by students is needed for assessing the teaching quality of a lecturer towards achieving the objectives of a course. This paper aims to examine the techniques used in sentiment analysis for assessing the effectiveness of a lecturer’s or a teacher’s teaching style in the learning process at a university or school. In addition, the effectiveness of sentiment analysis techniques in assisting the teaching evaluation process is also discussed. The challenges for assessing the quality of teaching of National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM) lecturers are also discussed in this paper. The sentiment analysis technology is capable of analysing views or opinions on a matter, regardless of whether they are positive or negative. Data from the sentiment analysis can be used by specific parties or anyone else to rectify any weakness or to improve any aspect that the user commented on. The purpose of this study is not to find the weakness of the lecturer, but rather the results of this assessment process can be useful to the management for rectifying weaknesses and for improving the teaching process. 

THE RESPONSE OF HYPOXIA BIOMARKERS TO HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY IN PREVENTING HYPOXIA AT HIGH ALTITUDE

Shazreen Shaharuddin, Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad, Aminuddin Abdul Hamid Karim 

Abstract

Training at high altitude for prolonged periods can cause low oxygen tension which can developed complication of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a cascade activity from a level of down regulation and function of cell’s nucleus. Early detection of biomarker and physiological changes are important in prevent the hypoxia at high altitude. Hyperbaric medicine is a new treatment that were used an oxygen therapy to treat hypoxic and inflammatory driven conditions which patients are treated with 100% oxygen at pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The review discusses physiological changes associated with hypoxia, the response of biomarker hypoxia changes in high altitude and the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy can play as part of the treatment for pilots and athletes training at high altitudes that suffering from disease with underlying hypoxia. 

e-ISSN: 2773-5281