AGGRESSIVE MOVEMENT FEATURE DETECTION USING COLOR-BASED APPROACH ON THERMAL IMAGES

Suzaimah Ramli, Tuan Khalisah Tan Zizi @ Tuan Zizi, Norulzahrah Mohd Zainudin, Nor Asiakin Hasbullah, Norshariah Abdul Wahab, Noor Afiza Mat Razali, Norazlin Ibrahim

Abstract

Thermal imaging technology can be used to detect aggressive levels in humans based on the radiated heat from their face and body. Previous researches have proposed an approach to figure out human aggressive movements using Horn-Schunck optical flow algorithm in order to find the flow vector for all video frames but still not strong enough to confirm and verify the existence of an aggressive movement. In this work, we propose an approach by using thermal videos for frontal views of the human body which is face view. Then, video frames are collected using thermal camera and further extracted into thermal images. We use thermal imaging to monitor the face including prefrontal and periorbital region’s thermal variations and test whether it can offer a discriminative signature for detecting aggressiveness. We start by presenting an overview of 3400 thermal images extracted from 50 participants. The results obtained is promising where aggressive and non-aggressive features can be detected by using color-based approach.

RECENT ADVANCES TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES: A REVIEW

Mohd Junaedy Osman, Wan Md. Zin Wan Yunus, Ong Keat Khim, Jahwarhar Izuan Abd. Rashid

Abstract

This review summarizes the evolution that has been made for organophosphates (OPs) detection technique using conventional technique (lab-based) and compact technique (colorimetric and electrochemical). Right after introduction section, a first section covers the types, chemical structure and risks of OPs. Methods for detection using conventional and compact technique were discussed next. An additional section covers the limitation of conventional detection technique and advantages of compact detection technique are addressed. Several Tables are presented that give an overview on the OPs detection using conventional and compact detection technique. A concluding section addresses a brief idea on the detection method available nowadays.

OPTIMISING THE MIXING FACTOR CONDITION OF NATURAL CELLULOSE/EPOXY COMPOSITE BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD

Wan Mohd Hanif Wan Ya’acob, Nur Amira Mamat Razali, Ainil Hawa Jasni, Rusaini Athirah Ahmad Rusdi, Emee Marina Salleh, Norhana Abdul Halim

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal condition for mixing factors of natural cellulose or epoxy composite by using response surface method. Three mixing factors selected for the study were degassing agent content, stirring time, and sonication time. As a response, the fracture toughness of the composites was determined by using single edge notch bending test. The level of each factor was selected at 3 conditions which were low, medium, and high. The analysis of variance showed degassing agent content and sonication time were the most significant factors affecting the fracture toughness of the composite. The optimal conditions for mixing factors were 1.34 wt% degassing agent content, 5 minutes for stirring time, and 60 minutes for sonication time. The predicted fracture toughness was 1.6836 MPa.m0.5 with a desirability value of one. Three validation experiments were conducted to test the generated mathematical model and results showed the percentage difference was in the range of 6% to 15%.

DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR HAZE SMART GREENHOUSE

Nor Azliana Akmal Jamaludin, Mohd Nazri Ismail, Megat Fariz Azril Zuhairi

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Technologies (WST) is entering a new phase. Recent advances offer vast opportunities for research and development. On top of that, this is the consequence of the decreasing costs of ownership, the increase of smaller sensing devices in engineering and the achievements in radio frequency technology and digital circuits. The aim of this research was to combine the Wireless Sensor Network with ZigBee technology. It is expected to develop Haze Smart Greenhouse to control the temperature and humidity via remote automation. In addition, a GUI interface will be built to ease in controlling and managing the prototype through computer via wired and wireless technology. This Haze Smart Greenhouse prototype will be proposed to be developed and tested with operational via remote automation.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG STUDENTS AND STAFF AT A LOCAL UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

Adlina Suleiman, Hanisah N, Nurul Syazana M. Z .C, Sughashini S, Nur Farah Zulaikha M. F, Halyna Lugova, Aqil Mohammad Daher, Anne Jamaluddin

Abstract

Inappropriate use of antibiotics (AB) is a significant public health problem. Understanding the patterns of AB-taking behaviour helps in designing educational campaigns to curb the overuse of AB. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of AB usage among students and staff at the National Defence University of Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Data were described by frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare KAP levels between students and staff. The level of significance was established as p ≤ 0.05. This study revealed that fair level of knowledge about AB usage did not translate into positive attitudes and high levels of practices. Overall, students demonstrated poorer KAP regarding indiscriminate usage of AB than staff. Specifically, students had poorer knowledge about its role in ineffectiveness of treatment (p=0.013) and additional burden of medical cost to the patient (p=0.001). Additionally, students were more likely than staff to give the leftover AB to their friends if they become sick (p=0.024). The findings of this study may serve as a preliminary insight on the development of an effective intervention to improve attitudes and practices regarding AB usage.

e-ISSN: 2773-5281

TOWARDS THE DATA SECURITY AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE BASED SOLUTION IN BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

Shekh Abdullah-Al-Musa Ahmed, Nik Zulkarnaen Khidzir, Tan Tse Guan 

Abstract

Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Data is often distinguished from programs. A program is a set of instructions that detail a task for the computer to perform. In this sense, data is thus everything that is not program code. Generally and in science, data is a gathered body of facts. Data security refers to protective digital privacy measures that are applied to prevent unauthorized access to computers data. Data security also protects data from corruption. However in this article would show a method for encryption text data by java program. It will encrypt is such a way that data could not read in plain text. Whereas Forensic science is a combine science. Scientific Evidence is a part of forensic science. By using the forensic science collecting information and present it on the court. So the meaning of evidence of science representing the understanding of collection information by establishes science. For example to create a DNA profile, following the establish protocol to make a DNA profile. So by testing it thousand times it will give the same result. This is the establish rule of science. When applying this rule in the court then it will call scientific Evidence. In Bangladesh most of the time it is seen that judiciary process is depends on confession based. Justice in the lower court does not depend on Digital forensic rather depend on Confession based. The definition of document is given in Section 3 at Evidence Act, 1872 and it is amended by ICT Act 2006 by Section 87 ,it is said that creating document by electronic is also a document .So any picture or video or audio are electronic document is a document .However for digital evidence based solution in this project using autopsy forensic tools, which will run on Kali Linux Forensic mode. It will generate a report paper and calculates MD5 hash values and confirms the integrity of the data before closing the files. Not all computer offence we can called cybercrime , but if a person created forged certificate or steal computer file , may called it as a Digital Crime .In real space , there are some physical force such as robbery , theft etc. But in Digital crime, there is no physical force, but doing the crime by technology.

AN IMPLEMENTATION STUDY OF SMART LIBRARY USING BEACON BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY (BLE)

Syarifah Bahiyah Rahayu, Nur Diyana Kamarudin, Afiqah Mohammad Azahari, Arniyati Ahmad, Mohd Hazali Mohamed Halip

Abstract

An average number of books for a normal library is around 10,000. Finding books in a library is a cumbersome process and time consuming especially in a huge library. Besides, the cost to embed RFID tag on each book is too expensive. To overcome the problem, this paper proposed a solution for finding location of library books. The solution is using i) a smartphone application to navigate location of book, and ii) LED Blinker with Beacon Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology on bookshelf. The case study for this research is Library of Jeneral Tun Ibrahim at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) Library. This study also produces a new framework for finding books in libraries. The framework is a proof of concept that can be applied in the smart library system to assists library patrons in finding locations of books.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON COLOUR CORRECTION ANALYSIS FOR MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATION

Ahmad Salihin Ahmad Shukeri, Nur Diyana Kamarudin, Siti Noormiza Makhtar, Syarifah Bahiyah Rahayu, Suzaimah Ramli

Abstract

This paper represents an effective method to enhance colour correction for tongue diagnosis. Colour Correction means exactly that, correcting the colour in image in the post production process. If the task of correcting an image is not in the workflow, it may be missing out on how great the image could look. It is one of the tasks of being a director of photography to get the best image to the colourist that can be. Understanding the camera’s limitation and using that knowledge on set is the first step in getting images that are much easier to correct later in the production workflow. Cameras record three colour responses of Red, Green and Blue (RGB) that are device dependent. In this work, preliminary research on tongue colour correction using polynomial regression algorithm has been implemented on Munsell colour checker for future tongue colour correction and diagnosis. The attained RGB colour space from Munsell Checker image converted to Lab colour space which is device independent colour space based on human visual system that is perceptually uniform. Then, several degrees of polynomial regression method are employed to provide comparative analysis on colour reproduction index to produce good quality of image after colour correction procedure. The experimental outcomes on colour checker show the colour difference is equal to 3.3289, ∆E*ab=3.3289 which is acceptable in digital image colour reproducibility.

PROTOTYPING DIGITAL TONGUE DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM ON ROBOREALM AND RASPBERRY-PI

Muhamad Hafiq Subandi, Nur Diyana Kamarudin, Muhammad Azrae Yusof, Azrena Abu Bakar

Abstract

In Oriental Medicine, the examination of tongue body contributes to rich information in diagnosing some diseases. The practitioners use tongue body colour and other relevant features to predict the patient’s conditions and disease-oriented state. To reduce the ambiguity and other limitation caused by environment, an automatic tongue acquisition system has been introduced recently to assist the medical practitioner in daily clinical practices. However, most of these acquisition systems are not equipped with the intelligent decision support system to diagnose certain diseases using informative tongue bio-markers. In this paper, automatic tongue diagnosis prototype on Raspberry-pi is proposed to reduce human labour and to promote portability. To integrate with Internet of Things (IOT) technology, tongue image processing analysis including segmentation and colour classification techniques using k-means and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is executed on Raspberry-Pi that is equipped with High Definition (HD) camera via MATLAB Coder platform. This high definition camera will capture the real time image of a patient’s tongue to be segmented and analysed further. It is expected to provide health information that can be used as a pre-diagnosis system based on Oriental Medicine perspectives.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINATION AMONG PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE MALAYSIAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY

Aye Aye Mon, Halyna Lugova, Myint Myint Maw

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and sexually transmitted infections. Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy among the women worldwide. The primary tool for prevention of cervical cancer is through the HPV vaccination. Pre-clinical year medical students must have background knowledge about HPV vaccination as they become healthcare providers, who will play an important role in influencing patients’ decision to receive vaccination. If their knowledge on the HPV is low this will result in poor attitude towards its prevention. This study was aimed to determine the knowledge of HPV vaccine and cervical cancer as well as the acceptance of HPV vaccination among pre-clinical year medical students. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 83 pre-clinical year medical students in National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM). A set of self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the respondents to gather the data. Although almost half of respondents (46.3%) did not know the exact indication for HPV vaccination Most of them perceived that HPV vaccine can protect against the cervical cancer (64.4%) and it is as important as Hepatitis B or Haemophilus influenzae vaccines in Malaysia (54.9%). Substantial proportion of the respondents (47.6%) disagreed that HPV vaccination will diminish the need for annual Pap smear testing. The findings of this study show that being a pre-clinical year student does not warrant good knowledge and prevention of HPV infection. There is a need to obtain more information about HPV vaccination effects on cervical cancer in their medical school teaching and from the social media.

e-ISSN : 2773-5281

NONPARAMETRIC ROBUST ESTIMATOR FOR SLOPE PARAMETER IN LINEAR STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP MODEL

Amel Saad Alshargawi, Abdul Ghapor Hussin, Ummul Fahri binti Abd Rauf

Abstract

In this study, the slope parameter of linear structural relationship model is determined by using the proposed robust nonparametric method based on trimmed mean. This method is an upgrade to the nonparametric method that was introduced by Al-Nasser et al. (2005) by employing trimmed mean for all likely paired slopes rather than median slopes. Simulation study and real data were used to compare the proposed method’s performance versus the traditional maximum likelihood method. In the simulation study, based on both methods’ mean square error, it was inferred that the MLE method break down due to the presence of outliers even though its elaborate was not affected when there was no outlier in the data set. Based on the real life examples, it can be concluded that the performance of our proposed method was better in determining the slope parameter and thus provides a good alternative to MLE method when outliers are present.

LOW COST AND ROOM TEMPERATURE METHANE DETECTION USING MULTI WALLED-CARBON NANOTUBES FUNCTIONALIZED WITH OCTADECANOL

Nurjahirah Janudin, Norli Abdullah, Faizah Md Yasin, Mohd Hanif Yaacob, Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Raja Nor Izawati Raja Othman, Noor Aisyah Ahmad Syah, Shafreeza Sobri, Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim

Abstract

Multi walled-carbon nanotubes (CNT) functionalized with ester was used for detecting methane, CH4 gas at room temperature. Quartz substrate with interdigitated prepatterned gold electrodes was employed as transducers and drop casting method was used to deposit the CNT samples. The electrical properties of the functionalized CNT samples in the presence of CH4 gas were studied and the changes of resistance were recorded using digital multimeter. Concentration of CH4 gas was varied from 0.125 % to 1.0 %. The resistance variation of functionalized CNT increased with the concentration of tested gas. Sensor response of functionalized CNT was improved more than 10 % as compared to pristine CNT. CNT-Ester gives the higher sensitivity due to the presence of ester functional group which act as active site to react with CH4 gas. The fast response of functionalized CNT towards CH4 gas suggested that the functional group enhanced the rate of gas adsorption on sensing layer.

CARBON NANOTUBES-BASED GAS SENSOR IN DETECTION OF METHANE GAS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Nurjahirah Janudin, Norli Abdullah, Faizah Md Yasin, Mohd Hanif Yaacob, Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Raja Nor Izawati Raja Othman, Noor Aisyah Ahmad Syah, Shafreeza Sobri, Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim

Abstract

Room temperature carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based gas sensor was utilised in detection of methane, CH4 gas. The CNT was functionalized with amide group via Fischer esterification process and labelled as CNT-Amide. Silicon dioxide, SiO2 substrate with interdigitated prepatterned gold electrodes were employed as transducers and drop casting technique was used to deposit the multi walled-CNT samples. The electrical properties of the functionalized CNT samples in the exposure of CH4 gas are studied by recorded the changes of resistance using digital multimeter. Concentration of CH4 gas was varied from 1250 ppm to 10 000 ppm. The changes of electrical resistance of CNT-Amide increases with the concentration of tested gas. Sensor response of functionalized CNT are improved more than 10% as compared to pristine CNT. The sensitivity of CNT-Amide also better than CNT-Carboxyl due to the presence of nitrogen element in amide functional group which chemically active to react with CH4 gas. Additionally, fast response of CNT-Amide towards CH4 gas suggested that the functional group enhanced the rate of gas adsorption on sensing layer.

A SHORT REVIEW OF POLYLACTIC ACID BLENDS PROPERTIES FOR IMPROVEMENT AND INNOVATION

Mohd Junaedy Osman, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus, Nabiilah Faris

Abstract

Advanced technology in petrochemical-based polymer has brought many benefits to mankind. However, the use of nonbiodegradable plastics materials for disposable application such as food packaging and house whole appliances are significantly disturbing and damaging the earth ecosystem. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic that is brittle. Because of this nature, PLA has a limitation in its usage. The common way to improve the toughness of PLA is via adding plasticizer. This review will provide brief account on recent developments in the synthesis of lactic acid (monomer of PLA) through biological route, PLA synthesis, unique material properties of PLA and modification of those by making copolymers and composites PLA absorption and degradation.

SYNTHESIS OF EPOXIDIZED FATTY HYDRAZIDES FROM PALM OLEIN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Zakiah Jamingan, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus, Norli Abdullah, Ong Keat Khim

Abstract

Epoxidized fatty hydrazides (EFHs) which have amine, amide and epoxide functional groups in their molecules are a versatile starting material for synthesizing of many industrially important compounds. In this report we describe the results of our preliminary study of synthesizing these compounds using a chemical reaction of epoxidized palm olein (EPO) and hydrazine monohydrate. The products were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique and CHN elemental analyser. The optimum reaction conditions for the hydrazide preparation were investigated by studying effect of each important reaction parameters on the product yields. The study shows that the optimum conditions to produce EFHs were using EPO to hydrazine monohydrate (mol ratio of 1 to 12), n-hexane as the solvent and at the temperature of 69 ̊C.

e-ISSN: 2773-5281

THE WELL-BABY CLINIC AND PILLARS OF PREVENTIVE CHILD CARE

Prameela Kannan Kutty, Deborah Shobana Das

Abstract

This article targets all who are committed to the care of young children. Commencing with the clinical history and physical examination, the fundamentals of preventive child health offered in a well-baby clinic are highlighted. In this important clinic, the monitoring of core health components such as nutrition, growth, development and vaccination as pillars of preventive health services augments the health status of both a community and a nation. It is here that much needed information on infant nutrition in the first eighteen months of life, exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, early growth and development, together with the provision of immunisation, is delivered. Health care provision is further strengthened by integrating knowledge with progressive dynamics of health services in line with the government’s health objectives such that communities are empowered with crucial information on preventive health. Significance to local scenarios, pertinent to parents and of importance to preventive health, with community relevance, is touched upon. In this way, it may be opportune to attempt innovative parental counsel on contextually related issues linked to the everyday care of children, whenever necessary. Of interest and given the focus of this journal, specific health concerns apropos to a military scenario, may well be further deliberated on and developed.

UTILIZATION OF NANO-DEEP EVANESCENT FIELD FOR PARTICLES OPTOPHORESIS

Khor Kang Nan, Mohamad Halim Abd Wahid, Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali, Vithyacharan Retnasamy, Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin

Abstract

Separation and sorting of microparticles have set foot in critical diagnostics, advanced chemical and biomedical assessment. By utilizing specific characteristics for sorting, various techniques have been developed and optimized. Evanescent field optical trapping of microparticles is one of the emerging technologies to sort and separate in a non-mechanical and non-destructively several particles simultaneously. This paper describes the studies carried out, both theoretically and experimentally, to optimize the propulsion of polymer particles on copper ion-exchanged channel waveguides, to ultimately allow for the trapping and separation of mammalian adipose tissue derived stem cells (AT-SCs) according to their size and refractive index. The propulsion of polymer particles was observed to increase with the supplied input power and with laser polarization at transverse electric (TE) mode. The propulsion of particles was demonstrated to peak on a 4μm channel width of a 1μm thick copper ion-exchanged waveguide. The work carried out provides the optimal optical and waveguide parameters to be exploited for trapping and sorting AT-SCs on copper ion-exchanged waveguides.

SOLID METAL OXIDE CATALYSTS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION

Mardhiahtul Iftiah Ariffin, Norli Abdullah, Noor Azilah Kasim, Siti Hasnawati Jamal, Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah

Abstract

Metal oxide particles have been studied by many researchers as potential catalysts for the production of biofuel. However, better understanding of catalysts preparation and characterisation are essential. A series of solid metal oxide catalysts were synthesised by chemical precipitation method using metal salt precursor such as magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O), copper (II) nitrate tryhidrate (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O) and nickel nitrate hexahydrate, (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O ). The synthesised catalysts before and after calcination were further characterised using Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Higher catalytic activity and higher production of biofuel may benefits from this higher surface area metal oxide catalysts synthesis by precipitation method in this work.

THE AERODYNAMICS STUDY OF SKYSCRAPERS IN KUALA LUMPUR: THE EFFECT ON OCCUPANTS AND PEDESTRIANS COMFORT

Nur ‘Izzati Mohmad Ismail, Mohd Rashdan Saad, Muhammad Taufiq Jumahadi, Azam Che Idris, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman, Suriyadi Sujipto

Abstract

Skyscrapers have been constructed all over the world because of the social demand for more iconic building, including excellent aerodynamic performance and architectural aesthetic reasons. However, the increasing high-rise buildings in densely built-up cities created low velocity air flow caused by the phenomena of flow separation at pedestrian level and also exerts drag force on the building walls that may affect the occupants’ and pedestrians’ comfort. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the drag force and pedestrian level wind condition of 15 skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur of various designs and shapes by using Solidworks Flow Simulation. The effect of the height of surrounding buildings were also investigated. From the results, the bamboo shape of the Telekom tower shows the lowest drag coefficient by 0.1056 compared to others and the ratio of surrounding building height to skyscraper of 0.83 shows the smallest drag.

MONITORING STUDENTS PERFORMANCE USING SELF ORGANIZING MAP TREND CLUSTERING

Puteri Nor Ellyza Nohuddin, Zuraini Zainol, Aliimran Nordin

Abstract

The analysis of relation between student performance and other variables in education setting is often useful in identifying influential factors on performance. Consequently, the need for adopting an effective tool to process these big data has risen. The analysis of big data will transform passive data into useful information. Data mining is referred to an analytic process designed that discovers data patterns and relationships between datasets. In this study, clustering is used to cluster student grade datasets to generate trend line clusters. The aim of the study is to assist lecturers and academic advisors to recognize the progress of their students.

e-ISSN: 2773-5281