ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG MIDDLE MANAGERS IN THE MALAYSIAN ARMY
Inderjit Singh, Kwong Fook Wen, Haslind Abdullah
Abstrak
Affective, normative and continuance commitment are variables that indicate the organizational commitment of an organization. The purpose of this research is to identify the organizational commitment of middle managers of Senior Non-Commissioned Officers (SNCOs) in the Malaysian Army. The research was based on post-positivist philosophy. Quantitative approach and non-experimental survey was used for the research. The data consisting of 458 respondents were collected from soldiers of rank of corporal and below from the combat corps of the Malaysian Army in determining the organizational commitment of SNCOs. The statistical treatment of the data obtained was done by using PLS-SEM in order to determine the plausibility of the data obtained with the hypothesized model of job performance. This research has identified that organizational commitment of the SNCOs consists of affective, normative and continuance commitment. This research reveals that that both affective and normative commitment are of similar importance for establishing organizational commitment of middle managers in the combat element of the Malaysian Army but normative organizational commitment is more significant compared to affective commitment whereby continuance commitment is not an indicator of organizational commitment in the Malaysian Army.
ISLAMIC SCHOLAR LEADERSHIP IN THE PAHANG UPRISING INCIDENT: THE ROLE OF TUAN HAJI UTHMAN BIN SENIK
Amnah Saayah Ismail, Jessica Ong Hai Liaw, Khairunnisa Mardzuki, Wong Wai Loong, Haliza Mohd Zahari, Burhanuddin Jalal, Wan Kamal Mujani
Abstrak
Peristiwa pemberontakan Pahang yang berlaku pada penghujung abad ke-19 Masihi menyaksikan wujudnya kepimpinan ulama dalam menyemarakkan semangat jihad dalam jiwa para pejuang. Antara ulama yang hadir dalam peristiwa tersebut ialah Haji Uthman bin Senik. Justeru artikel ini akan membincangkan peranan Haji Uthman bin Senik dalam memimpin para pejuang dalam peristiwa pemberontakan Pahang. Metodologi penulisan ini ialah analisis kandungan dan kajian kepustakaan. Menerusi penulisan ini didapati bahawa terdapat pelbagai peranan hasil kepimpinan Haji Uthman bin Senik iaitu menerusi bidang pengajaran dan penulisan serta penglibatan secara langsung di medan perang. Peranan-peranan ini dikenalpasti berjaya menyatupadukan para pejuang dalam meluahkan semangat anti penjajahan terhadap penjajahan British di negeri Pahang.
Abstract
The Pahang uprising incident that took place at the end of the 19th century AD witnessed the emergence of the leadership of Islamic scholars who were instrumental in stirring the spirit of jihad amongst independence fighters. Among the Islamic scholars who participated in the uprising was Haji Uthman bin Senik. Hence this article will discuss the role of Haji Uthman bin Senik in leading independence fighters during the Pahang uprising. This paper is based on the methodologies of content analysis and literature study. This paper found that Haji Uthman bin Senik performed various roles of leadership during the uprising i.e. in the fields of teaching and writing and direct combative engagements on the battlefields. His leadership roles were identified as critical factors that successfully unified the independence fighters in the expression of the anti-colonial spirit against British occupation in the state of Pahang.
THE HYDRATION STATUS OF MALAYSIA’S YOUNG MALE SOCCER PLAYERS DURING COMPETITIVE SEASON
Siti Azilah Atan, Mohammad Fazrul Jafar, Jorrye Jakiwa, Mohd Syrinaz Azli, Mohar Kassim
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the preexercise hydration status and to assess body mass (BM) loss (kg) of young male soccer player’s (age 15.6 ± 0.4) training in a hot and humid environment. Methods: Twenty male soccer players (n = 20, 55.3 ± 8.4 kg) from Sekolah Sukan Bukit Jalil (SSBJ), Malaysia had volunteered to participate in this study. Measurements of hydration status were taken on two occasions during competitive season. Urine sample was collected and handheld refractometer was used to assess the urine specific gravity (USG). Body weight was monitored before and after training session. The results showed that the participants were within the normal range of hydration status (1.016 ± 0.01). No significant difference was observed between measurements in USG (1.016 ± 0.01 v 1.017 ± 0.01, p >0.05) and BM loss (kg) (0.20 ± 0.5 vs. 0.24 ± 0.3, p >0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study indicates that the participants have an effective hydration strategy during the training session in competitive season.
PRODUCING BETTER CADETS: CONSIDERING THE ROLE OF LIMINALITY DURING THE INITIATION PHASE
Ahmad Thamrini Fadzlin Syed Mohamed
Abstract
Drawing from Meyer and Land (2005) work on Threshold Concepts, this paper describes the role of liminal period in enabling the transition one must partake to become a military officer. To date, not much attention has been given on the process of transformation and challenges faced by cadets in becoming an officer. With focus given on the initiation phase, the study argues that such period is crucial and troublesome as cadet would have to abandon their self-identity to acquire the officers’ mantle. Through in-depth interviews conducted at two prominent European military institutions with policy makers, military trainers, officers and cadets, the paper illustrates how the initiation phase is an important rites-to-passage that will eliminate those deemed unfit to become an officer while embedding the required distinctiveness of being a military officer. The paper further argues that even though the military education system is highly mechanised, some of the process of imbedding the officers’ identity happens through informal exchanges with superiors, peers and subordinates. Establishing the importance of the phase, findings included in this paper may contribute in understanding why some cadets traverse successfully through the elimination process, while others get themselves stuck on the rites of passage1 to become an officer.
RISE AND FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF MALACCA IN THE CONTEXT OF IBN KHALDUN’S CYLICAL THEORY
Wan Hashim Wan Teh
Abstract
Malacca which had a humble beginning as a fishing village of a mixed population of local Malays and ‘orang laut’ was transformed to become the most significant trading emporium and entreport after the arrival of a ‘fugitive prince’ Parameswara or ‘Permai-Suara’ later re-named as Iskandar Shah from Temasik (Singapore) having his origins from Palembang. This had attracted not only regional traders of the Malay world but also those engaged in long distance trade like the Indians, Arabs, Chinese and especially the European powers. Under the capable leadership of Tun Perak, also known as Bendahara Seri Maharaja during Sultan Muzaffar, Sultan Mansur and Alauddin Riayat Shah, it became a regional centre to supply products from the spice islands as well as iron and gold from the hinterland that were in great demand in Europe, the Middle East, India and China. The capability of its defence was further enhanced with the protection it received from the Ming dynasty of China which had a symbiotic and affective diplomatic relationship with Malacca. The coming of Portuguese fleet in 1509 lead by Diego Lopez de Sequira had radically changed its fate and future. Two years later, a Portuguese Admiral Allfonso de Albuquerque arrived with a bigger fleet with a determination to crush the trading monopoly of the Muslims in the East, and finally able to take over control of Malacca which led to its final downfall as an Empire and Kingdom that had the image as the centre of world trading activities which lasted for approximately 110 years. The paper will analyse both the beginning of Malacca and its rise as well as its final downfall in the context of Ibn Khaldun cyclical theory on the rise and fall of civilizations.
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